Written account

Journalism in Turkey: A Shirt of Fire

Aslı Ceren Aslan Turkey / Sweden

A personal account of reporting from Diyarbakır during the conflict in 2016, the criminalisation of journalism in Turkey, imprisonment, exile, and renewed concerns after the arrest of Swedish journalist Joakim Medin.

Journalism Press freedom Censorship Political imprisonment War reporting Exile Turkey Sweden

The winter of 2016, with news of deaths coming from Kurdish provinces, neighbourhoods destroyed and burned, and arrests and detentions directed at journalists and everyone calling for peace, seeps into my bones more than ever before — and finally passes. I want to welcome March, the herald of spring, with hope. Although I feel a childlike eagerness to believe that the changing season might also soften Turkey’s harsh political climate, I know this is not possible. The war and the deaths that come with it do not end. Those whose freedom has been taken from them remain deprived of the approaching spring behind prison walls.

In the newspaper office, I look through reports from the mainstream media. Articles and images pass before my eyes: pieces that call murdered Kurdish children, journalists arrested and prevented from practising their profession, and everyone advocating peace to end the war “terrorists”, never stepping outside the words of R. T. Erdoğan, and steadily propagandising the government’s policies. I think about the journey I will take tomorrow, and once again understand how essential that journey is.

While the mainstream media persisted in spreading propaganda for President R. T. Erdoğan and his party, the AKP, our journalist friends who wrote the truth from the war zone had been arrested. To fill the places they had been forced to leave empty, dozens of us from various press and media organisations had planned, as part of our campaign called “News Watch”, to travel with other journalist friends to Diyarbakır, a city where the sounds of bullets and bombs never ceased. For five days, we would take the places of our arrested colleagues in the newspapers, radio stations, and television channels where they had worked.

I get up to prepare my equipment. Laptop, camera, video camera, and audio recorder. I check my wallet to make sure I have not left my press card in the office, and see that it is there. I smile at the strangeness of caring so much about having this card with me, even though I know that, in the places where I will be reporting, it means nothing to the police. If you do not have documents showing that you work for the mainstream media, the police or soldiers can prevent you from entering a news area, or detain you, without giving any reason. I take plenty of memory cards from the drawer. If I am lucky, I need to back up the footage I shoot onto them and keep them somewhere safe.

The next day, after we arrive at Diyarbakır Airport, I sling the large bag containing my equipment over my shoulder, alongside the small bag with a few items of clothing, and we reach the city centre with the other journalist friends. The first stop on our five-day programme is a newspaper office. On the following days, we will take our places working in various radio and television stations. When we arrive at the newspaper office, our colleagues, who knew in advance that we were coming, welcome us. We go up to the terrace to plan what we can do that day and to discuss the latest situation in the region. As we sip our tea on the terrace overlooking the city, a sound resembling a buzz rises. The sound grows, turns into thunder, and then takes shape as it shakes the ground with enough force to make the building we are in tremble. Seeing the wide-eyed alarm of those of us who have only just arrived in the city, a colleague who works in the region explains the situation: “They’ve started the bombardment.”

When our meeting ends, wearing our vests marked “press”, we set out towards the source of the sound that is shaking the ground. Reaching a makeshift press centre near the ongoing bombardment and gunfire in Diyarbakır’s Sur district proves extremely difficult. While mainstream media workers pass through the police checkpoint without difficulty, we are kept waiting for a long time despite showing our press cards. We are turned back at the checkpoint and not allowed to enter the area, without any reason being given. Saying “Let’s split into pairs and try to get through other checkpoints,” we separate from one another. When we finally meet at the makeshift press centre, the sense of victory in our eyes is joined by the fear of the ground violently shaking beneath our feet. Bombs are exploding just a few streets away. Bullets whistle over the place where we are standing.

For five days, I try to keep the interviews and photographs I make with people living in the neighbourhood safe by backing them up onto my memory card. At one point, despite showing my press card, I am arbitrarily detained by the police. They examine the photographs on my camera and, without giving a reason, delete them. When I am released a few hours later, they do not tell me why I was detained. I am happy that they did not find the images and texts I had backed up. I am glad that they could not stop me from writing in place of my imprisoned colleagues, whose freedom had been taken away and who had been prevented from writing the truth.

After five days, I return to Istanbul. Spring gives way to summer, and summer gives way to autumn. I spend the entire autumn of 2016 in courthouse corridors. Investigation after investigation is opened into every article and report about the war that we published in the newspaper where I was managing editor. The investigations turn into court cases, and the hearings seem never-ending. During that autumn, as I spend a significant part of each week at the courthouse, I become unable to do my job.

The autumn of 2016 ends with the prison sentences I receive. 2017 opens the doors of prison to me, just as it does to 180 journalists in various prisons across Turkey.

In 2025, in the final days of March, I am in my third year in the city of Växjö, Sweden. I come across the news that journalist Joakim Medin, a citizen of this country where I now live so that I can do my job and not be deprived of my freedom, has been arrested in Turkey. Arrested on grounds similar to those used against me and many other colleagues, and denied recognition as a journalist, Joakim Medin too is easily declared a terrorist-agent, just like everyone in Turkey who criticises government policies.

I think about the NATO process between Sweden and Turkey, and the silent agreements that were signed. I hope this will not prevent Joakim, me, and all my colleagues from doing our work; that we will not be deprived of our freedom; and that it will not cast a shadow over press freedom in Sweden.

Aslı Ceren Aslan, Växjö, 15 May 2025